Month: August 2017

macOS / Support / Tutorials

How to permanently delete files from your storage (Mac Tutorial)

Last week I tested a data recovery tool called EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard. I was surprised to see that all my files are not deleted even if I empty Trash and format the drive. All data was still there and that tool made an extremely good job recovering my files.

Therefore I just go searching for explanations. There was a simple solution. The modern digital storage devices use multiple levels of data protection in order to prevent accidental data loss. Data is protected both hardware and software and modern devices are quite reliable now. For example, removing your USB memory during reading or writing data will most probable keep your data save even if this action is strongly not recommended (you should always remove your drive safely). Software protection works quite simple, it just not delete files, only overwrites them. If you delete a file and empty the Trash, that file will just be set as “free” and nothing else. The memory used by that file is not changed until another file will be written.

If you need to sell any storage device (usb drive, hard disk, ssd, your mac, pc, phone, SD card and so on) you need to be aware that the buyer might be able to restore some of your personal data. Your iPhone and Mac store your data encrypted by default and you should be safe, but other drives you might use are usually not protected. For example, I used a USB hard disk (500GB) to store my files. A couple of days ago I got another external drive and I moved all my data from it. Empty my trash and was curious of what I can recover from it… and surprise surprise, all my data was there.

If you want to permanently delete your data from a drive you need to:

1. Open Disk Utility

 3. Select your drive and click Erase

4. Go to Security Options… for extra settings. You can choose between faster or more secure and 2 steps between:

Fastest: This option does not securely erase the files on the disk. A disk recovery application may be able to recover the files.

Fast: This option writes a pass of random data and then a single pass of zeros over the entire disk. It erases the information used to access your files and writes over the data 2 times.

Secure: This option is a DOE-compliant 3-pass secure erase. It writes two passes of random data followed by a single pass of known data over the entire disk. It erases the information used to access your files and writes over the data 3 times.

Most secure: This option meets the US Department of Defense (DoD) 5220-22 M standard for securely erasing magnetic media. It erases the information used to access your files and writes over the data 7 times.

5. I chose most secure option and clicked OK.

almost one day later:

The log:

Starting secure erase…
Pass: 1
Pass: 2
Pass: 3
Pass: 4
Pass: 5
Pass: 6
Pass: 7
Unmounting disk
Erasing
Volume name : Data
Partition offset : 411648 sectors (210763776 bytes)
Volume size : 976361472 sectors (499897073664 bytes)
Bytes per sector : 512
Bytes per cluster: 131072
FAT offset : 2048 sectors (1048576 bytes)
# FAT sectors : 30720
Number of FATs : 1
Cluster offset : 32768 sectors (16777216 bytes)
# Clusters : 3813784
Volume Serial # : 59a6aade
Bitmap start : 2
Bitmap file size : 476723
Upcase start : 6
Upcase file size : 5836
Root start : 7

Mounting disk
Operation successful.

The drive was unmounted and mounted again. And this should be all. I checked again with EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard and it was not able to recover any of my files (deep scan included):

Support / Tutorials

WordPress on Shared hosting: “406 Not Acceptable error” fix

Last days I ran into some strange behaviour of this blog. I tried to post a new article and save a Draft. It worked good until I uploaded an image. Saving the draft or saving the post was redirecting me to a non-existing page (404 page error) without saving any changes to my article. I was able to recover some data from the browser backup but again saving was not possible and the information lost. Then I close the browser and any backup was lost for good and that was very … very frustrating.

Therefore I searched for solutions… first thing I found on the internet was linked to my permalink structure. Suggestions are to go to Dashboard and then Settings -> Permalink and save again your permalink settings … and again …. 404 error page. Then I chose the default permalink called “Plain” and I was able to save that change. What was even more frustrated was that I was no longer able to come back to my custom settings. I was getting a Not Acceptable error.

Not Acceptable

An appropriate representation of the requested resource /wp-admin/options-permalink.php could not be found on this server.

Additionally, a 406 Not Acceptable error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request.

Came back to my article and with so many frustration and tries, I was able to write and publish it … but my entire website was a fiasco with broken links and no traffic from search engines.

Second fix from the internet was changing .htaccess… Actually something related to mod_security. I start digging for documentation and try with .htaccess fix but no results. This step was not solving my problem but brought me closer to it.

If you host permit, adding the following lines to your .htaccess file will disable your mod_security and fix your problem:

<IfModule mod_security.c>
SecFilterEngine Off
SecFilterScanPOST Off
</IfModule>

In my case this was not working … but I had the inspiration to check in my CPANEL for Mod Security settings. And I was lucky. 1. In CPANEL in the security section you can find ModSecurity:

2. Disable it for your website (be aware of the risks and do it permanently or just when is needed then turn it back on):

3. Do your magic on your blog. Changing back your permalink custom settings will work fine, as well as posting and uploading files.

Take your time and read a little bit about Mod Security. And have fun!